Description of Decimal Permission Attributes and chown, chgrp, and chmod Commands
Decimal code: ex: 0774
0 padding (windows - you may also see this as 777)
7 - owner
7 - group
4 - others
Permission . . . . Binary . . . . . Decimal
----------------- . . . . . . ---------- . . . . ----------------
Full Access . . . . . . . . 111 . . . . . . . . . . .7
Read/Write . . . . . . . . 110 . . . . . . . . . . 6
Read/Execute . . . . . .101 . . . . . . . . . . 5
Read Only . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . . . . . .4
In linux there are 9 leading "bits" for permissions.
1. 1st three for owner
2. 2nd three for group
3. 3rd three for others
Each three (e.g. rwx) correspond to the binary code for that triplet.
Full Decimal List:
0 - None
1 - Only Execute, no read or write to
2 - Write-only, cannot read or execute
3 - Write-able and executable
4 - Read-only, cannot write to or execute
5 - Read-only executable, cannot write to
6 - Readable Writeable file, but not executable
7 - Readable Writeable Executable file
To change an owner/group of a file:
chown -R <owner> <file>
chgrp -R <groupname> <file_or_directory>
ex. chgrp -R mygrp /local/myuser
Changes all files/folders in the /local/myuser folder owner to mygrp
To change/fix permissions:
(Note: For Ubuntu: write is w not W, ex: chmod -R mygroup g+rwx /local)
ex. chmod -R u+rWx /path/
This example recursively (down directories) adds read/write/execute access for users
ex. chmod -R g+rWx /path/ or chmod -R g+rwx /path/
This example recursively (down directories) adds read/write/execute access for groups
ex. chmod -R o-rWx /path/
This example recursively (down directories) removes read/write/execute access for others than owner and group to read/access docs/folders.
Tip: Use ls -l (lowercase L) to list in wide format including rights.
Sample samba / smb share for all users of group "users" to have read/write/delete access to share:
[test]
path = /tmp/testshare
valid users = @users
public = no
writable = yes
printable = no
force create mode = 0770
force directory mode = 0770
force group = users
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